El Caballero de París
• Santos católicos que celebran su día el 1º de Septiembre:
- En el Almanaque Cubano de 1921:
Nuestra Señora del Consuelo. Santos Gil, abad y fundador y Augusto, confesor y Santa Verana, virgen
- En el Almanaque Campesino de 1946:
Nuestra Señora del Consuelo. Santos Gil, abad y fundador y Augusto, confesor y Santa Verania, virgen
• Natalicios cubanos:
Torre Torre, José María de la: -Nació en La Habana el 1° de septiembre de 1815 y falleció el 23 de diciembre de 1873 (a bordo del vapor Guipúzcoa). Notable geógrafo, publicó “Mapa antiguo de la Isla de Cuba”, “Mapa Geográfico-Judicial”, “Cronología técnica e Historia”, “Cuadro sinóptico de la monarquía española”, “La Habana antigua y moderna” y numerosos textos para escuelas. Con Nodoa había escrito “Diccionario Geográfico, Estadístico, Histórico, Genealógico de la Isla de Cuba” que quedó inédito, aun cuando muchos de sus materiales se publicaron en Memorias y otros diccionarios. Fue catedrático de Historia y Geografía de la Universidad Reformada. Un gran amigo y propulsor de la instrucción en Cuba.
El 1º de Septiembre en la Historia de Cuba
• 1866 -
- El 1º de Septiembre de 1866 se creó el ayuntamiento de Mantua, Pinar del Río.
• 1851 -
- Ejecución de Narciso López.
Emeterio S. Santovenia en “Un Día Como Hoy” de la Editorial Trópico, 1946, páginas 495-496 nos describe los acontecimientos del 1º de Septiembre de 1851 en la Historia de Cuba:
“La captura del general Narciso López en Pinos de Rangel fue para los servidores de España suceso fausto. Sentían odio ciego contra el caudillo. Su conducta, abominando de la tiranía y jurándose a la libertad, les parecía iniquidad imperdonable. Recordaban al valeroso hijo de Venezuela con hondo rencor. Su caída, a juicio de los usufructuarios del absolutismo colonial, resultaba necesaria.
“También existía un sentimiento de gran temor junto a aquel de odio ciego. La vida del general López constituía una pesadilla para quienes aspiraban a mantener el principio de la llamada integridad nacional. Ellos conocían el temple y la resolución del ilustre soldado. Con razón presumían que la paz y la seguridad de la Colonia se hallaban en peligro. ¿Cómo hacer desaparecer los motivos de tales zozobras? ¿De qué medios valerse para estar libres de tales amenazas? Con fruición los adictos al régimen imperante fijaban el pensamiento en una coyuntura propicia a la eliminación de los riesgos que se alzaban sobre sus depredaciones.
“La caída del caudillo en la red de persecuciones que sus adversarios le tendieron deparo la oportunidad esperada por ellos mismos. La campaña de Vuelta Abajo, no menos desastrosa que breve, sirvió a los enemigos de la emancipación de Cuba para asestar el golpe de gracia a los esfuerzos realizados por López. Ya se vio como, a despecho de sus afanes, de la actividad de sus tropas y del denuedo con que afronto la brega, desde la acción de Las Pozas, a poco de desembarcar en Playitas del Morrillo, hasta el momento fatídico de Pinos de Rangel, el infortunio se obstino en perseguir a los expedicionarios del Pampero.
“La furia dominante se desató sobre la persona del general Narciso López tan luego como se consumó el desastre de Pinos de Rangel. Fue trasladado de San Cristóbal a Mariel, pasando por Guanajay, y conducido de Mariel a La Habana en el bajel Pizarro. A las ocho de la noche del 31 de agosto llegó a la capital de la Isla. Todo, a partir de aquel momento, fue tormentosamente acelerado en torno al prócer. En las horas transcurridas de las once de aquella noche a las siete de la mañana del día 1° de septiembre de 1851 entró en capilla, dictó sus disposiciones de última voluntad y subió las gradas del patíbulo, levantado en el campo de La Punta. Veinte mil personas fueron testigos del suplicio del lidiador.”
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El Caballero de Paris era gallego y no cubano o francés.
José María López Lledín (30 December 1899 - 11 July 1985) known as El caballero de Paris (en: The gentleman from Paris) was a well known street person in Havana, Cuba in the decade of the 50s.
First years
López Lledín was born in the town of Vilaseca, in the municipality of Fonsagrada, province of Lugo, Spain at 11:00 AM on 30 December 1899. His father was Manuel López Rodríguez, also born in Vilaseca, and his mother was Josefa Lledín Mendez, born in Negueira in the same Municipality and Province. They were owners of a small villa with vineyards where they produced wine and spirits. He started primary school at age 7 in Negueira and completed half of his secondary education. López Lledín arrived in Habana on 10 December 1913 at the age of 12 aboard the German steamship "Chemnitz". There he stayed with his uncle (known as AG, a brother in law of his brother Benigno) and his sister Inocencia, who had previously arrived in Cuba in 1910. López Lledín worked at a grocery store in Genios street, owned by another Galician, until he left his uncle's home. He worked as a clerk at a flower shop, a tailor, a book store and a lawyer's office. He studied and refined his mannerisms to get better employment. He worked as a restaurant waiter in the hotels Inglaterra, Telegrafo, Sevilla, Manhattan, Royal Palm, Salon A and Saratoga. According to his cousin Julio, he could even speak some English.
Becoming El caballero de Paris
López Lledín lost his reason and became "El Caballero de Paris" when he was arrested in late 1920 and sent to the prison at "El Castillo del Principe" in Habana, Cuba. The reasons are unknown but he always claimed in all interviews his innocence. "El Caballero de Paris" was always vague about the origins of his nickname. Once he said to his biographer that he got his name from a French novel. Another time he claimed that they started calling him "El Caballero" at "La Acera del Louvre" (the "sidewalk of the Louvre"), an area of the Paseo del Prado (Havana, Cuba) where three hotels are located, including the "Inglaterra" where he had worked. Perhaps in his mind he equated the "Acera del Louvre" with Paris. He said Habana was "very Parisienne" and that he was "a Musketeer, a Corsair and a Knight (es: Caballero) of Lagardiere". He stated that "Paris is well known in Habana" and that "many Cubans had become famous in Paris, such as Marta and Rosalia Abreu of Santa Clara".
Others say that at one time he worked at the "Paris" (Havana, Cuba) restaurant and, when he returned saying that he was a "Caballero" and "King" the clients started referring to him as "El Caballero de Paris". Others say it was due to the French style of dress which he sported in his ramblings. Still others relate that it was given to him by the weekly humorous/satiric publication "Zig Zag".
El Caballero"'s sister Mercedes state that "El Caballero" got his nickname due to a girlfriend from Paris, who was killed during her trip to join him in Habana.
The street wanderer
El Caballero de Paris wandered the streets of Havana for many years and there is where he got his notoriety. "El Caballero" never traveled outside of Havana after he became mentally ill. Several times he was arrested and once, or maybe twice, he was bathed and his hair was shaved completely, but the reaction of the public when the event was reported by the press, resulted in his immediate release. In 1941 he was briefly interned in the Mental Hospital at Mazorra, but was released immediately by Presidential order. One well known anecdote happened on television:
In 1953, El Caballero de Paris, together with several other well known street persons, including "Bigote de Gato" and "La Marquesa", were invited by Gaspar Pumarejo, Cuba's TV pioneer, magnate and variety show host, to serve as a panel of judges in his live TV program "Escuela de Television" (TV School). At the end of the program, Pumarejo decided to reward the panel by giving $20 to each. When he tried to give the money to "El Caballero", the latter responded "Neither my feelings nor my high position allow me to accept this money. I give it to Bigote de Gato for a party that he will give in his establishment." Pumarejo, taken aback, paused a moment and then asked "Why don't we give it to the National Orphanage?" to which El Caballero replied "Well, lets donate it...but what are the rich and the government doing who are supposed to take care of the Orphanage? This is an act of charity and it is not right that the children of the orphanage should receive alms."
In 1949, he declared for the "Bohemia" magazine
"I am the king of the world because the world is always at my feet."
Last years and deathOn 7 December 1977 he was interned in Mazorra's psychiatric hospital because of his deteriorating physical condition. During his stay at Mazorra he was given physical, laboratory and psychological tests and also suffered a hip fracture as a result of a fall. He was diagnosed from his psychatrist, Dr. Calzadilla as suffering from paraphrenia, sometimes considered a form of schizophrenia. He did not suffer from hallucinations.
He died in Mazorra at 1:45 AM on July 11, 1985 at the age of 86. He was initially buried in the cemetery of Santiago de las Vegas in Habana. His remains were later exhumed by Eusebio Leal, the Historian of the City of La Havana, and transferred to the convent of St. Francis (now a concert hall and museum), his current resting place.
POR: GUIJE CUBA Y DATOS CURIOSOS SOBRE CUBA
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